Treatment should be "directed at airway control with endotracheal intubation, ventilation using positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), and hyperventilation with supplemental oxygen to control intracranial pressure". Initial treatment of survivors follows the "usual priorities of airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC)". Most people who are hanged die before they are found the term "near hanging" refers to those who survive (at least for a while-for example, until they reach a hospital). According to Aufderheide et al., the most common cause of death of hangings is cerebral hypoxia. Suspension hanging usually results in cerebral hypoxia and decreased muscle tone around the neck. Cervical spine fractures are rare unless the hanging is a drop hanging, which usually causes an injury known as hangman's fracture. Depending on the circumstances, petechiae may be present on the eyes, face, legs, and feet. Because of the pressure on the jaw, the tongue is sometimes protruding, causing it to dry. The neck of people who are hanged are usually marked with furrows where the ligature had constricted the neck. People who survive hanging report seeing flashing lights and hearing ringing sounds. Throughout history, numerous famous people have died due to suicide by hanging. There are commentaries on hanging in antiquity, and it has various cultural interpretations. Brown writes that hanging has a "fairly imperspicuous and complicated symbolic history". People who survive either because the cord or its anchor point of attachment breaks, or because they are discovered and cut down, can face a range of serious injuries, including cerebral anoxia (which can lead to permanent brain damage), laryngeal fracture, cervical spine fracture, tracheal fracture, pharyngeal laceration, and carotid artery injury. Hanging is divided into suspension hanging and the much rarer drop hanging - the latter can kill in various ways. In the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, suicides by hanging are classified under the code X70: "Intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation." The materials required are easily available, making it a difficult method to prevent. It is one of the most commonly used suicide methods and has a high mortality rate Gunnell et al. Hanging is often considered to be a simple suicide method that does not require complicated techniques a study of people who attempted suicide by hanging and lived usually suggests that this perception may not be accurate. Suicide by hanging is the intentional killing of oneself ( suicide) via suspension from an anchor-point such as an overhead beam or hook, by a rope or cord or by jumping from a height with a noose around the neck.
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